ci: add test workflow across Python 3.10-3.13 and all OSes

[adityamehra]

Summary

• Adds a CI test workflow (ci-tests.yaml) based on galileo-python's test.yaml
• Pins all GitHub Actions to their SHA hashes instead of mutable version tags (same convention as splunk-otel-python-contrib)
• Uses poetry + invoke for dependency installation and test execution

Changes from galileo-python test.yaml

	galileo-python	splunk-ao-python
Codecov upload	✅ included	❌ removed (no token)
fail-fast	default (true)	false — all matrix jobs run even if one fails
if: always()	not set	✅ set on Validate Types and Run Tests steps
Python versions	3.10 – 3.14	3.10 – 3.13 (aligns with splunk-otel-python-contrib)
Windows exclusion for 3.14	✅ exclude block	not needed (3.14 removed)
Action refs	@v4 / @v5 mutable tags	SHA-pinned hashes
Concurrency group	not set	✅ cancels stale runs on new pushes

Matrix

os:             [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest]
python-version: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]

12 jobs total per run.

Required project setup (before this workflow is meaningful)

This workflow depends on invoke tasks defined in a tasks.py at the repo root:

• invoke install — installs project + dev dependencies via poetry
• invoke type-check — runs mypy or equivalent type checking
• invoke test-report-xml — runs pytest and outputs JUnit XML

These tasks need to be added alongside a pyproject.toml as the project takes shape.

Test plan

• Add a minimal pyproject.toml, tasks.py, and a placeholder test, then verify the workflow runs green on all 12 matrix jobs
• Introduce a deliberate test failure and verify that other matrix jobs still complete (fail-fast: false)
• Verify if: always() causes the test step to run even when the type-check step fails

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