42 C++ Modules Collection (00 to 09)

Welcome to the comprehensive collection of 42 C++ Modules projects, covering modules 00 through 09. This repository contains the full progression of C++ projects from the 42 school curriculum, designed to teach modern C++ concepts, syntax, and best practices through hands-on assignments.

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📚 Overview

The 42 C++ Modules are a series of incremental projects designed to develop your skills in C++ programming from beginner to advanced levels. Each module focuses on specific C++ features such as classes, inheritance, polymorphism, templates, exceptions, operator overloading, and advanced algorithms.

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🚀 Modules Summary

Module 00 - Introduction to C++ and Basics

• Understand the basic syntax and structure of C++ programs
• Learn how to compile and run simple programs
• Work with basic input and output streams
• Practice control flow using loops and conditionals
• Manipulate fundamental data types and variables

Module 01 - Classes and Objects

• Grasp the concept of classes and object instantiation
• Implement constructors and destructors for proper object lifecycle
• Use access specifiers (public, private, protected) for encapsulation
• Develop member functions and understand class methods
• Apply basic principles of object-oriented design

Module 02 - Ad-hoc Polymorphism, Operator Overloading, The Orthodox Canonical Form

• Learn the Rule of Three/Five/Zero for safe resource management
• Implement copy constructors, assignment operators, and destructors
• Overload operators to customize class behavior (e.g., arithmetic, assignment)
• Understand ad-hoc polymorphism through operator overloading
• Avoid common pitfalls such as shallow copies and memory leaks

Module 03 - Inheritance and Polymorphism

• Build inheritance hierarchies with base and derived classes
• Override virtual functions to enable runtime polymorphism
• Design abstract classes and interfaces for flexible code architecture
• Explore dynamic binding and virtual function tables
• Create polymorphic containers and manage heterogeneous objects

Module 04 - More Advanced Inheritance and Polymorphism

• Handle complex inheritance using virtual inheritance techniques
• Work with abstract base classes for enforcing interfaces
• Understand multiple inheritance and its challenges
• Ensure correct resource cleanup with virtual destructors
• Refine class hierarchies for extensibility and maintainability

Module 05 - Repetition and Exceptions

• Revisit operator overloading for arithmetic, comparison, and stream operators
• Deepen understanding of exception handling with try, catch, and throw
• Create custom exception classes for specialized error reporting
• Manage program flow and resource cleanup in the presence of exceptions
• Apply exception safety guarantees to maintain robust applications

Module 06 - Casting

• Master function and class templates for generic programming
• Learn template specialization and partial specialization
• Practice safe and effective type casting within template code
• Understand static, dynamic, const, and reinterpret casts
• Write reusable and flexible code leveraging template mechanisms

Module 07 - Templates and Generic Programming

• Expand template skills to build templated containers and algorithms
• Implement generic algorithms that work with multiple data types
• Explore template metaprogramming basics and compile-time computation
• Learn to balance code flexibility with performance considerations
• Harness the power of the Standard Template Library (STL)

Module 08 - Advanced Topics (Templated Containers, Iterators, Algorithms)

• Deep dive into STL containers and their iterator interfaces
• Create and use functors and callable objects effectively
• Utilize lambda expressions for concise and powerful inline functions
• Apply STL algorithms for searching, sorting, and transforming data
• Write clean, maintainable, and efficient code using modern C++ idioms

Module 09 - Final Project: RPN, PmergeMe & Others

• Implement advanced algorithms such as the Ford-Johnson merge-insert sort
• Develop a Reverse Polish Notation (RPN) calculator
• Use STL containers like vector and deque to manage data efficiently
• Optimize performance through algorithmic improvements
• Demonstrate integration of learned concepts into practical projects

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🛠️ Requirements

• C++ compiler (g++ or clang++) supporting C++98 and later standards
• Make utility (for building projects)
• Linux or macOS recommended (compatible with 42 school environment)

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This repository is crafted as a comprehensive resource to deepen your understanding and mastery of C++ through hands-on projects aligned with the 42 curriculum.

Enjoy your C++ learning journey! 🚀