chore: upgrade python and package versions; now allowing python 3.12-3.14

[fuchsi-huber]

Pull request

Please confirm that this pull request has done the following:

• Tests added
• Documentation added (where applicable)
• Description in a {pr}.thing.md file in the directory changelog added - see changelog/README.md for details

Description

• Dropped support for Python 3.11 and raised the minimum supported versions of numpy to
  >=2.2, pandas to >=2.3, scipy to >=1.14, h5py to >=3.12 and matplotlib to >=3.9, following
  SPEC 0.
• Lowest package versions are now only checked against oldest python version.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 97.30%. Comparing base (05d8a93) to head (7d00446).
✅ All tests successful. No failed tests found.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           improv/uv     #386   +/-   ##
==========================================
  Coverage      97.30%   97.30%           
==========================================
  Files             54       54           
  Lines           5350     5350           
==========================================
  Hits            5206     5206           
  Misses           144      144           

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