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hot_tail_tracker implementation - #46

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This PR aims to add the hot tail tracker framework (see L. Puel NF 2025, DOI 10.1088/1741-4326/ae2d70).

The main script is particles/example/hot_tail_tracker.f90. It follows test Guiding Centers (GCs) evolving in already computed MHD fields. The used pushers are the RK4 and the small-angle Coulomb collision operator. After the PR completed, a documentation will be added to the wiki.

Some "flag_verbose" are added (by default set to .TRUE. in order to not change the original settings). When a kinetic simulation is launched, many messages may be written and polute the important ones from the kinetic framework. The user can manually set flag_verbose=.FALSE. if it happens (will be indicated in the doc).

A new possible diagnostic is added for the diag.h5 output of GCs: p=||p|| and xi=cos(theta)=p_|| / ||p||. This new diagnostic is very useful for the runaway electron study (as it is used in other codes such as DREAM).

Given the bad interpolation issue of the electric field (already mentioned at the kinetic meeting), an option E_par_norm is added in calc_EBpsiU/calc_EBNormBGradBCurlbDbdt. When activated, it computes the electric field as a purely parallel one given by E_par = eta * j_par (with j_par approximated by j_tor).

The interpolation of fields between MHD restart files (mod_fields_linear.f90) is modified to account for the recent change on the number of digits. The user can manually change pointed lines depending if he uses old or new formats. Also, the next restart files is now searched further (in term of index).

In the collision operator, an optional input parameters jump_coll is added. For low momentum particles colliding with a low temperature bulk, the collision operator diverges (see Särkimäki K 2018). This parameter, if activated, allows to cap the temperature above 10>=eV, and check if a numerical "jump" happens for thermal particles.

The path particles/util is added in the Makefile to allow user to compile and run ccoll_generate_L0L1.f90, which generates the ccolldata file used by the collision operator.

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