feat: add ObjectContexts to Blob

[nidhiii-27]

This PR adds the Object Contexts feature, implementing strongly-typed payloads for arbitrary context configuration mimicking the Java storage client's implementation.

• Created google/cloud/storage/contexts.py specifying the schema for ObjectContexts and ObjectCustomContextPayload.
• Exposed the contexts property on Blob objects which performs mapping to underlying properties for patching.
• Included robust tests assessing mapping flat vs deep payload representations.

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PR created automatically by Jules for task 1046589087761828711 started by @nidhiii-27

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Summary of Changes

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This pull request enhances the Google Cloud Storage Python client by adding support for Object Contexts on Blob objects. This feature provides a structured and strongly-typed mechanism for associating custom, arbitrary data with objects, bringing the Python client's capabilities in line with other language clients like Java. The changes involve defining new data structures for contexts and integrating them seamlessly into the existing Blob API for easy management.

Highlights

• New Feature: Object Contexts: Introduced the Object Contexts feature to the Blob object, allowing for strongly-typed payloads for arbitrary context configuration, mirroring the Java storage client's implementation.
• New Module for Contexts: Created google/cloud/storage/contexts.py to define the schema for ObjectContexts and ObjectCustomContextPayload.
• Blob Integration: Exposed a new contexts property on Blob objects, which handles the mapping to underlying properties for patching operations.
• Comprehensive Testing: Included robust system and unit tests to assess the mapping of both flat and deep payload representations for object contexts.

Changelog

• google/cloud/storage/blob.py
  • Imported ObjectContexts and ObjectCustomContextPayload from the new contexts module.
  • Added a new @property and @contexts.setter to the Blob class, enabling retrieval and setting of object contexts.
  • Implemented logic within the setter to handle various input types for contexts, including ObjectContexts instances, dictionaries, and None.
• google/cloud/storage/contexts.py
  • Added a new file contexts.py to define the ObjectCustomContextPayload class for individual context entries.
  • Added the ObjectContexts class to manage a collection of custom object contexts.
  • Included _from_api_resource and _to_api_resource methods in both classes for serialization and deserialization with the API.
• tests/system/test_blob.py
  • Added a new system test test_blob_contexts to verify the end-to-end functionality of setting, updating, and deleting object contexts on a blob.
• tests/unit/test_blob.py
  • Added test_contexts_getter to verify correct parsing of API responses into ObjectContexts objects.
  • Added test_contexts_setter_w_dict to confirm proper handling of dictionary assignments to the contexts property.
  • Added test_contexts_setter_w_object_contexts to ensure ObjectContexts instances are correctly processed by the setter.
  • Added test_contexts_setter_none to validate that assigning None to contexts correctly clears the property.

Activity

• The pull request was automatically created by Jules for a task initiated by @nidhiii-27.

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Code Review

This pull request introduces the Object Contexts feature, which is a great addition for parity with the Java client. The implementation looks solid, with new classes for ObjectContexts and ObjectCustomContextPayload, and the necessary integration into the Blob object. The tests are also comprehensive, covering both unit and system-level verification.

I have a couple of suggestions to improve code maintainability by reducing some code duplication and simplifying logic, and ensuring proper handling of mutable dictionary parameters. Overall, this is a well-executed feature.