Speed up nnUnet inference

TPTBox/core/bids_files.py

@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ def enumerate_subjects(self, sort: bool = False, shuffle: bool = False) -> list[
             return s
         return self.subjects.items()  # type: ignore
 
-    def iter_subjects(self, sort: bool = False) -> list[tuple[str, Subject_Container]]:
+    def iter_subjects(self, sort: bool = False, shuffle: bool = False) -> list[tuple[str, Subject_Container]]:
         """Iterate over all subjects (alias for :meth:`enumerate_subjects` without shuffle).
 
         Args:
@@ -498,6 +498,10 @@ def iter_subjects(self, sort: bool = False) -> list[tuple[str, Subject_Container
         """
         if sort:
             return sorted(self.subjects.items())
+        if shuffle:
+            s = list(self.subjects.items())
+            random.shuffle(s)
+            return s
         return self.subjects.items()  # type: ignore
 
     def __len__(self):

TPTBox/core/nii_wrapper.py

@@ -1180,33 +1180,36 @@ def resample_from_to(self, to_vox_map:Image_Reference|Has_Grid|tuple[SHAPE,AFFIN
             if mapping.assert_affine(self,raise_error=False,origin_tolerance=0.000001,error_tolerance=0.000001,shape_tolerance=0):
                 log.print(f"resample_from_to skipped; already in space: {self}",verbose=verbose)
                 return self if inplace else self.copy()
-
             m1 = mapping if mapping.orientation == self.orientation else mapping.make_empty_POI().reorient(self.orientation)
             if m1.assert_affine(self,raise_error=False,origin_tolerance=0.00001,error_tolerance=0.00001,shape_tolerance=0):
                 log.print(f"resample_from_to only need reorientation; {self.orientation}",verbose=verbose)
                 ret = self.reorient(mapping.orientation,inplace=inplace)
                 ret.affine = mapping.affine #remove floating point error
                 return ret
-            if self.orientation == mapping.orientation and np.allclose(self.zoom , mapping.zoom, atol=1e-6):
-                shift = (np.array(self.origin) - np.array(m1.origin)) / np.array(m1.zoom)
-                if np.allclose(shift, np.round(shift), atol=1e-6):
-                    s = self.reorient(mapping.orientation,inplace=inplace)  # noqa: PLW0642
-                    shift = (np.array(self.origin) - np.array(mapping.origin)) / np.array(mapping.zoom)
-                    shift = np.round(shift).astype(int)
-                    dst_shape = np.array(mapping.shape)
-                    src_shape = np.array(s.shape)
-                    # padding before = how much dst starts before src
-                    pad_before = shift
-                    # padding after = remaining dst size after src
-                    pad_after = dst_shape-shift-src_shape
-                    pad = tuple((int(b), int(a)) for b, a in zip(pad_before, pad_after))
-                    ret = s.apply_pad(pad, mode=mode,inplace=inplace,verbose=verbose)
-
+            if np.allclose(self.zoom, m1.zoom, atol=1e-6):
+                s = self.reorient(mapping.orientation, inplace=inplace)
+                # Compute voxel offset directly from the affines after both
+                # images are in the same orientation. This is robust to axis
+                # permutations and flips.
+                voxel_offset = np.linalg.inv(mapping.affine) @ s.affine @ np.array([0, 0, 0, 1])
+                shift = np.round(voxel_offset[:3]).astype(int)
+
+                dst_shape = np.array(mapping.shape)
+                src_shape = np.array(s.shape)
+                # padding before = how much dst starts before src
+                pad_before = shift
+                # padding after = remaining dst size after src
+                pad_after = dst_shape - shift - src_shape
+                pad = tuple((int(b), int(a)) for b, a in zip(pad_before, pad_after))
+                try:
+                    ret = s.apply_pad(pad,mode=mode,inplace=inplace,verbose=verbose)
                     valid = ret.assert_affine(mapping,raise_error=False,origin_tolerance=0.0001,error_tolerance=0.0001,shape_tolerance=0)
                     if valid:
                         log.print(f"resample_from_to only needs padding/cropping {pad}",verbose=verbose)
-                        ret.affine = mapping.affine #remove floating point error
+                        ret.affine = mapping.affine  # remove floating point error
                         return ret
+                except ValueError as e:
+                    log.warning("Padding failed.",e,verbose=verbose)
 
 
         assert mapping is not None
@@ -2505,7 +2508,7 @@ def to_stl(
         try:
             verts, faces, normals, values = marching_cubes(seg_arr, gradient_direction="ascent", step_size=1)
         except RuntimeError as e:
-            raise RuntimeError(str(e),f"{label=}, {self.unique()}, {out_path=}") from None
+            raise IndexError(str(e),f"{label=}, {self.unique()}, {out_path=}") from None
         # Remove padding offset (since we padded by 1 voxel)
         verts -= 1
         # Apply bounding box offset (still voxel space)
@@ -2696,6 +2699,20 @@ def extract_label(self,label:int|Enum|Sequence[int]|Sequence[Enum]|None, keep_la
         if keep_label:
             seg_arr = seg_arr * self.get_seg_array()
         return self.set_array(seg_arr,inplace=inplace)
+    def ravel(self,order:Literal["K", "A", "C", "F"] | None="C")->np.ndarray:
+        """Return a contiguous flattened array.
+
+        A 1-D array, containing the elements of the input, is returned. A copy is made only if needed.
+
+        As of NumPy 1.10, the returned array will have the same type as the input array. (for example, a masked array will be returned for a masked array input)
+
+        Args:
+            order (Literal["K", "A", "C", "F"] | None, optional): The elements of a are read using this index order. ‘C’ means to index the elements in row-major, C-style order, with the last axis index changing fastest, back to the first axis index changing slowest. ‘F’ means to index the elements in column-major, Fortran-style order, with the first index changing fastest, and the last index changing slowest. Note that the ‘C’ and ‘F’ options take no account of the memory layout of the underlying array, and only refer to the order of axis indexing. ‘A’ means to read the elements in Fortran-like index order if a is Fortran contiguous in memory, C-like order otherwise. ‘K’ means to read the elements in the order they occur in memory, except for reversing the data when strides are negative. By default, ‘C’ index order is used. Defaults to "C".
+
+        Returns:
+            np.ndarray
+        """
+        return self.get_array().ravel(order=order)
     def extract_label_(self, label: int | Enum | Sequence[int] | Sequence[Enum], keep_label=False) -> Self:
         """In-place variant of `extract_label`."""
         return self.extract_label(label,keep_label,inplace=True)

TPTBox/core/np_utils.py

@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ def np_count_nonzero(arr: np.ndarray) -> int:
     return np.count_nonzero(arr)
 
 
-def np_unique(arr: np.ndarray) -> list[int]:
+def old_np_unique(arr: np.ndarray) -> list[int]:
     """Returns each existing label in the array (including zero!).
 
     Uses cc3d statistics for unsigned-integer arrays for speed, and falls back
@@ -181,9 +181,52 @@ def np_unique(arr: np.ndarray) -> list[int]:
     return list(np.unique(arr))
 
 
+def np_unique(arr: np.ndarray) -> list[int]:
+    """Returns each existing label in the array (including zero!).
+
+    Uses cc3d statistics for unsigned-integer arrays for speed, and falls back
+    to ``numpy.unique`` for other dtypes.
+
+    Args:
+        arr (np.ndarray): Input label array.
+
+    Returns:
+        list[int]: Sorted list of every distinct label value present in ``arr``,
+            including 0 (background).
+    """
+    if np.issubdtype(arr.dtype, np.unsignedinteger):
+        # bincount is O(max_val) but ~5-10x faster than np.unique for dense label arrays
+        max_val = int(arr.max())
+        if max_val < 2**20:  # ~1M labels threshold — bincount stays fast
+            counts = np.bincount(arr.ravel())
+            return list(np.where(counts > 0)[0])
+        # For sparse label spaces fall back to np.unique
+    return old_np_unique(arr)
+
+
 def np_unique_withoutzero(arr: UINTARRAY) -> list[int]:
     """Returns each existing non-zero label in the array (excluding background zero).
 
+    Args:
+        arr (UINTARRAY): Input unsigned-integer label array.
+
+    Returns:
+        list[int]: Sorted list of every distinct label value present in ``arr``,
+            excluding 0 (background).
+    """
+    if np.issubdtype(arr.dtype, np.unsignedinteger):
+        max_val = int(arr.max())
+        if max_val == 0:
+            return []
+        if max_val < 2**20:
+            counts = np.bincount(arr.ravel())
+            return list(np.where(counts[1:] > 0)[0] + 1)
+    return [i for i in np.unique(arr) if i != 0]
+
+
+def old_np_unique_withoutzero(arr: UINTARRAY) -> list[int]:
+    """Returns each existing non-zero label in the array (excluding background zero).
+
     Args:
         arr (UINTARRAY): Input unsigned-integer label array.
 

TPTBox/registration/_deformable/multilabel_segmentation.py

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ def __init__(  # noqa: C901
         poi_target_cms: POI | None = None,
         max_history=100,
         change_after_point_reg=lambda x, y, z, w: (x, y, z, w),
+        tether_distance=1,
         **args,
     ):
         """Initialize a multi-stage registration pipeline from an atlas to a target image.
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ def __init__(  # noqa: C901
                 "be": ("BSplineBending", {"stride": 1}),
                 "seg": "MSE",
                 "Dice": "Dice",
-                "Tether": Tether_Seg(delta=5),
+                "Tether": Tether_Seg(delta=tether_distance),
             }
 
         assert target_seg.seg, target_seg.seg
@@ -187,7 +188,7 @@ def __init__(  # noqa: C901
                     poi_cms = poi_cms.resample_from_to(atlas_seg_)
 
                 self.reg_point = Point_Registration(poi_target, poi_cms, verbose=False)
-                atlas_reg = self.reg_point.transform_nii(atlas_seg_)
+                atlas_reg = self.reg_point.transform_nii(atlas_seg_, c_val=0)
 
                 if not atlas_reg.is_segmentation_in_border():
                     print("point registration ok")
@@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ def __init__(  # noqa: C901
                 target_img = target_img.apply_pad(resize_param) if target_img is not None else None
 
         self.reg_point = Point_Registration(poi_target.resample_from_to(target_seg), poi_cms.resample_from_to(atlas_seg))
-        atlas_reg = self.reg_point.transform_nii(atlas_seg)
+        atlas_reg = self.reg_point.transform_nii(atlas_seg, c_val=0)
         atlas_img_reg = self.reg_point.transform_nii(atlas_img) if atlas_img is not None else None
 
         if crop:

TPTBox/registration/_ridged_intensity/affine_deepali.py

@@ -92,14 +92,14 @@ def forward(
         target: torch.Tensor,  # shape: (B, C, X, Y, Z)
         mask: torch.Tensor | None = None,  # noqa: ARG002
     ) -> torch.Tensor:
-        w = max(target.shape[2:])
+        w = min(target.shape[2:])
         com_fixed = center_of_mass_cc(target)  # (B, C, 3)
         com_warped = center_of_mass_cc(source)  # (B, C, 3)
 
         l_com = torch.norm(com_fixed - com_warped, dim=-1) / w  # (B, C)
 
         # Zero out channels with small displacement (<10) or NaNs
-        l_com = torch.where(l_com < self.delta, torch.zeros_like(l_com), l_com)
+        l_com = torch.where(l_com * w < self.delta, torch.zeros_like(l_com), l_com)
         l_com = torch.nan_to_num(l_com, nan=0.0)
 
         return l_com.mean()  # type: ignore

TPTBox/segmentation/VibeSeg/inference_nnunet.py

@@ -16,6 +16,12 @@
 out_base = Path(__file__).parent.parent / "nnUNet/"
 _model_path_ = out_base / "nnUNet_results"
 
+# Opt-in cache of loaded predictors (enable via cache_model=True). Keyed by model identity plus
+# the device/runtime settings that affect the loaded predictor, so repeated inference (e.g. a loop
+# over many files with the same model) reuses the in-memory model instead of reloading weights from
+# disk and re-uploading them to the GPU on every call.
+_model_cache: dict = {}
+
 
 def get_ds_info(idx: int, _model_path: str | Path | None = None, exit_one_fail: bool = True, logger=logger) -> dict:
     """Load and return the ``dataset.json`` for the model with the given dataset index.
@@ -87,13 +93,16 @@ def run_inference_on_file(
     ddevice: Literal["cpu", "cuda", "mps"] = "cuda",
     model_path=None,
     step_size: float = 0.5,
-    memory_base: int = 5000,  # Base memory in MB, default is 5GB
-    memory_factor: int = 160,  # prod(shape)*memory_factor / 1000, 160 ~> 30 GB
-    memory_max: int = 160000,  # in MB, default is 160GB
+    memory_base: float | None = None,  # Base memory in MB, default is 5GB
+    memory_factor: float | None = None,  # prod(shape)*memory_factor / 1000, 160 ~> 30 GB
+    memory_max: int = 990000,  # in MB, default is 990GB (so it is most likely ignored and replaced by Max Memory of the GPU)
     wait_till_gpu_percent_is_free: float = 0.1,
+    tile_batch_size: int = 1,
     verbose: bool = True,
     auto_download: bool = False,
+    cache_model: bool = False,
     _key_ResEnc: str = "__nnUNet*ResEnc",
+    fail_on_missing_memory=False,
     logger=logger,
 ) -> tuple[Image_Reference, np.ndarray | None]:
     """Load a VibeSeg model and run inference on the supplied NIfTI images.
@@ -135,7 +144,18 @@ def run_inference_on_file(
         memory_max: Hard cap on assumed GPU memory in MB.
         wait_till_gpu_percent_is_free: Minimum free GPU fraction to require
             before starting inference.
+        tile_batch_size: Number of sliding-window tiles to run per network
+            forward pass. ``1`` (default) keeps the original per-tile behaviour;
+            larger values batch tiles to better saturate the GPU at the cost of
+            higher peak memory.
         verbose: Print progress information.
+        cache_model: If ``True``, keep the loaded predictor in a process-wide
+            cache and reuse it on subsequent calls with identical model and
+            device/runtime settings. Avoids reloading weights from disk and
+            re-uploading them to the GPU when segmenting many files in a loop, at
+            the cost of holding the model in GPU memory between calls. The GPU
+            cache is also left warm (no ``empty_cache``) so the allocator can
+            reuse buffers across images.
 
     Returns:
         A tuple ``(seg_nii, softmax_logits)`` where ``seg_nii`` is the
@@ -196,20 +216,44 @@ def run_inference_on_file(
             if "labels" in ds_info2:
                 ds_info["labels_mapping"] = ds_info2["labels"]
 
-    nnunet = load_inf_model(
-        nnunet_path,
-        allow_non_final=True,
-        use_folds=tuple(folds) if len(folds) != 5 else None,
-        gpu=gpu,
-        ddevice=ddevice,
-        step_size=step_size,
-        memory_base=memory_base,
-        memory_factor=memory_factor,
-        memory_max=memory_max,
-        wait_till_gpu_percent_is_free=wait_till_gpu_percent_is_free,
+    if memory_base is None:
+        memory_base = float(ds_info.get("memory_base", 5000))
+    if memory_factor is None:
+        memory_factor = float(ds_info.get("memory_factor", 160))
+
+    use_folds_arg = tuple(folds) if len(folds) != 5 else None
+    # Include every setting that changes the loaded predictor so a cache hit is always equivalent
+    # to a fresh load; differing settings simply miss the cache and reload.
+    cache_key = (
+        str(nnunet_path),
+        use_folds_arg,
+        ddevice,
+        gpu,
+        step_size,
+        memory_base,
+        memory_factor,
+        memory_max,
+        wait_till_gpu_percent_is_free,
+        tile_batch_size,
     )
-
-    #    _unets[idx] = nnunet
+    nnunet = _model_cache.get(cache_key) if cache_model else None
+    if nnunet is None:
+        nnunet = load_inf_model(
+            nnunet_path,
+            allow_non_final=True,
+            use_folds=use_folds_arg,
+            gpu=gpu,
+            ddevice=ddevice,
+            step_size=step_size,
+            memory_base=memory_base,
+            memory_factor=memory_factor,
+            memory_max=memory_max,
+            wait_till_gpu_percent_is_free=wait_till_gpu_percent_is_free,
+            tile_batch_size=tile_batch_size,
+            fail_on_missing_memory=fail_on_missing_memory,
+        )
+        if cache_model:
+            _model_cache[cache_key] = nnunet
     if "orientation" in ds_info:
         orientation = ds_info["orientation"]
 
@@ -315,9 +359,11 @@ def to_int(a: str, k: None | int = None):
         seg_nii.map_labels_(mapping)
     if out_file is not None and (not Path(out_file).exists() or override):
         seg_nii.set_dtype("smallest_uint").save(out_file)
-    del nnunet
-
-    torch.cuda.empty_cache()
+    if not cache_model:
+        # When caching we keep the predictor alive (it stays referenced by _model_cache, so del
+        # would not free it anyway) and leave the CUDA cache warm so the next image reuses buffers.
+        del nnunet
+        torch.cuda.empty_cache()
     return seg_nii, softmax_logits
 
 

TPTBox/segmentation/VibeSeg/vibeseg.py

@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     72: "bone_other",
 }
 
+defaults = {
+    100: {"memory_base": 5500, "memory_factor": 25},
+}
+
 
 def run_vibeseg(
     i: Image_Reference,
@@ -113,6 +117,10 @@ def run_vibeseg(
     Returns:
         Segmentation ``NII`` saved at *out_seg*.
     """
+    if dataset_id in defaults:
+        for k, v in defaults[dataset_id].items():
+            if k not in args:
+                args[k] = v
     return run_inference_on_file(
         dataset_id,
         [to_nii(i)] if not isinstance(i, (list, tuple)) else [to_nii(j) for j in i],