diff --git a/lib/util/identifier.js b/lib/util/identifier.js
index be06d0fb..46a1255c 100644
--- a/lib/util/identifier.js
+++ b/lib/util/identifier.js
@@ -5,64 +5,72 @@
 
 "use strict";
 
+const memorize = require("./memoize");
+
+const getUrl = memorize(() => require("url"));
+
 const PATH_QUERY_FRAGMENT_REGEXP =
 	/^(#?(?:\0.|[^?#\0])*)(\?(?:\0.|[^#\0])*)?(#.*)?$/;
 const ZERO_ESCAPE_REGEXP = /\0(.)/g;
+const FILE_REG_EXP = /file:/i;
 
 /**
  * @param {string} identifier identifier
- * @returns {[string, string, string]|null} parsed identifier
+ * @returns {[string, string, string] | null} parsed identifier
  */
 function parseIdentifier(identifier) {
 	if (!identifier) {
 		return null;
 	}
 
+	if (FILE_REG_EXP.test(identifier)) {
+		identifier = getUrl().fileURLToPath(identifier);
+	}
+
 	const firstEscape = identifier.indexOf("\0");
-	if (firstEscape < 0) {
-		// Fast path for inputs that don't use \0 escaping.
-		const queryStart = identifier.indexOf("?");
-		// Start at index 1 to ignore a possible leading hash.
-		const fragmentStart = identifier.indexOf("#", 1);
-
-		if (fragmentStart < 0) {
-			if (queryStart < 0) {
-				// No fragment, no query
-				return [identifier, "", ""];
-			}
-			// Query, no fragment
-			return [
-				identifier.slice(0, queryStart),
-				identifier.slice(queryStart),
-				"",
-			];
-		}
 
-		if (queryStart < 0 || fragmentStart < queryStart) {
-			// Fragment, no query
-			return [
-				identifier.slice(0, fragmentStart),
-				"",
-				identifier.slice(fragmentStart),
-			];
-		}
+	// Handle `\0`
+	if (firstEscape !== -1) {
+		const match = PATH_QUERY_FRAGMENT_REGEXP.exec(identifier);
+
+		if (!match) return null;
 
-		// Query and fragment
 		return [
-			identifier.slice(0, queryStart),
-			identifier.slice(queryStart, fragmentStart),
-			identifier.slice(fragmentStart),
+			match[1].replace(ZERO_ESCAPE_REGEXP, "$1"),
+			match[2] ? match[2].replace(ZERO_ESCAPE_REGEXP, "$1") : "",
+			match[3] || "",
 		];
 	}
 
-	const match = PATH_QUERY_FRAGMENT_REGEXP.exec(identifier);
+	// Fast path for inputs that don't use \0 escaping.
+	const queryStart = identifier.indexOf("?");
+	// Start at index 1 to ignore a possible leading hash.
+	const fragmentStart = identifier.indexOf("#", 1);
 
-	if (!match) return null;
+	if (fragmentStart < 0) {
+		if (queryStart < 0) {
+			// No fragment, no query
+			return [identifier, "", ""];
+		}
+
+		// Query, no fragment
+		return [identifier.slice(0, queryStart), identifier.slice(queryStart), ""];
+	}
+
+	if (queryStart < 0 || fragmentStart < queryStart) {
+		// Fragment, no query
+		return [
+			identifier.slice(0, fragmentStart),
+			"",
+			identifier.slice(fragmentStart),
+		];
+	}
 
+	// Query and fragment
 	return [
-		match[1].replace(ZERO_ESCAPE_REGEXP, "$1"),
-		match[2] ? match[2].replace(ZERO_ESCAPE_REGEXP, "$1") : "",
-		match[3] || "",
+		identifier.slice(0, queryStart),
+		identifier.slice(queryStart, fragmentStart),
+		identifier.slice(fragmentStart),
 	];
 }
 
diff --git a/test/resolve.test.js b/test/resolve.test.js
index d7c86561..e2b3f445 100644
--- a/test/resolve.test.js
+++ b/test/resolve.test.js
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 "use strict";
 
 const path = require("path");
+const url = require("url");
 const resolve = require("../");
 
 const fixtures = path.join(__dirname, "fixtures");
@@ -277,6 +278,40 @@ describe("resolve", () => {
 		`${path.join(fixtures, "no\0#fragment/\0#", "\0#.js")}#fragment`,
 	);
 
+	testResolve(
+		"handle file URL",
+		fixtures,
+		url.pathToFileURL(path.resolve(fixtures, "./main1.js")).toString(),
+		path.join(fixtures, "main1.js"),
+	);
+
+	testResolve(
+		"handle file URL with query",
+		fixtures,
+		`${url
+			.pathToFileURL(path.resolve(fixtures, "./main1.js"))
+			.toString()}?query`,
+		path.join(fixtures, "main1.js"),
+	);
+
+	testResolve(
+		"handle file URL with fragment",
+		fixtures,
+		`${url
+			.pathToFileURL(path.resolve(fixtures, "./main1.js"))
+			.toString()}#fragment`,
+		path.join(fixtures, "main1.js"),
+	);
+
+	testResolve(
+		"handle file URL with query and fragment",
+		fixtures,
+		`${url
+			.pathToFileURL(path.resolve(fixtures, "./main1.js"))
+			.toString()}?query#fragment`,
+		path.join(fixtures, "main1.js"),
+	);
+
 	it("should correctly resolve", (done) => {
 		const issue238 = path.resolve(fixtures, "issue-238");