diff --git a/persistence/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/quran/shared/persistence/model/AyahBookmark.kt b/persistence/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/quran/shared/persistence/model/AyahBookmark.kt
index 10bfd4ae..6d757585 100644
--- a/persistence/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/quran/shared/persistence/model/AyahBookmark.kt
+++ b/persistence/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/quran/shared/persistence/model/AyahBookmark.kt
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import com.quran.shared.persistence.util.PlatformDateTime
 data class AyahBookmark(
     val sura: Int,
     val ayah: Int,
+    val localId: String,
     val lastUpdated: PlatformDateTime,
-    val localId: String
+    val addedDate: PlatformDateTime = lastUpdated
 )
diff --git a/persistence/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/quran/shared/persistence/repository/bookmark/extension/BookmarkQueriesExtensions.kt b/persistence/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/quran/shared/persistence/repository/bookmark/extension/BookmarkQueriesExtensions.kt
index 55f77402..3d4ba19a 100644
--- a/persistence/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/quran/shared/persistence/repository/bookmark/extension/BookmarkQueriesExtensions.kt
+++ b/persistence/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/quran/shared/persistence/repository/bookmark/extension/BookmarkQueriesExtensions.kt
@@ -14,8 +14,9 @@ internal fun DatabaseBookmark.toAyahBookmark(): AyahBookmark {
     return AyahBookmark(
         sura = requireNotNull(sura).toInt(),
         ayah = requireNotNull(ayah).toInt(),
+        localId = local_id.toString(),
         lastUpdated = Instant.fromEpochMilliseconds(modified_at).toPlatform(),
-        localId = local_id.toString()
+        addedDate = Instant.fromEpochMilliseconds(created_at).toPlatform()
     )
 }
 
diff --git a/persistence/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/quran/shared/persistence/repository/bookmark/repository/BookmarksRepository.kt b/persistence/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/quran/shared/persistence/repository/bookmark/repository/BookmarksRepository.kt
index fe2b2d15..c7a9d702 100644
--- a/persistence/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/quran/shared/persistence/repository/bookmark/repository/BookmarksRepository.kt
+++ b/persistence/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/quran/shared/persistence/repository/bookmark/repository/BookmarksRepository.kt
@@ -37,39 +37,39 @@ interface BookmarksRepository {
     /**
      * Add a saved ayah bookmark and add it to the requested memberships.
      *
-     * Null or empty memberships normalize to the virtual default collection. A non-empty list is
+     * Empty memberships normalize to the virtual default collection. A non-empty list is
      * additive: requested memberships are added, while existing custom memberships not present in
      * the list are left unchanged. [com.quran.shared.persistence.model.DEFAULT_COLLECTION_ID]
      * represents default membership.
      */
     @NativeCoroutines
-    suspend fun addBookmark(sura: Int, ayah: Int, collectionLocalIds: List<String>?): AyahBookmark
+    suspend fun addBookmark(sura: Int, ayah: Int, collectionLocalIds: List<String>): AyahBookmark
 
     @NativeCoroutines
     suspend fun addBookmark(
         sura: Int,
         ayah: Int,
-        collectionLocalIds: List<String>?,
+        collectionLocalIds: List<String>,
         timestamp: PlatformDateTime
     ): AyahBookmark
 
     /**
      * Replaces the saved collection memberships for an existing ayah bookmark.
      *
-     * Null or empty memberships normalize to the virtual default collection. Use [deleteBookmark]
+     * Empty memberships normalize to the virtual default collection. Use [deleteBookmark]
      * when a saved bookmark should be removed from every collection.
      *
      * @return `true` when memberships changed, or `false` when the bookmark is missing, deleted,
      * or already has exactly the requested memberships.
      */
     @NativeCoroutines
-    suspend fun replaceBookmarkCollections(localId: String, collectionLocalIds: List<String>?): Boolean
+    suspend fun replaceBookmarkCollections(localId: String, collectionLocalIds: List<String>): Boolean
 
     /**
      * Replaces the saved collection memberships for an existing ayah bookmark with an explicit
      * mutation timestamp.
      *
-     * Null or empty memberships normalize to the virtual default collection. Use [deleteBookmark]
+     * Empty memberships normalize to the virtual default collection. Use [deleteBookmark]
      * when a saved bookmark should be removed from every collection.
      *
      * @return `true` when memberships changed, or `false` when the bookmark is missing, deleted,
@@ -78,33 +78,33 @@ interface BookmarksRepository {
     @NativeCoroutines
     suspend fun replaceBookmarkCollections(
         localId: String,
-        collectionLocalIds: List<String>?,
+        collectionLocalIds: List<String>,
         timestamp: PlatformDateTime
     ): Boolean
 
     /**
      * Creates an ayah bookmark if needed, then replaces its saved collection memberships exactly.
      *
-     * Null or empty memberships normalize to the virtual default collection.
+     * Empty memberships normalize to the virtual default collection.
      */
     @NativeCoroutines
     suspend fun replaceAyahBookmarkCollections(
         sura: Int,
         ayah: Int,
-        collectionLocalIds: List<String>?
+        collectionLocalIds: List<String>
     ): BookmarkCollectionsReplacementResult
 
     /**
      * Creates an ayah bookmark if needed, then replaces its saved collection memberships exactly
      * with an explicit mutation timestamp.
      *
-     * Null or empty memberships normalize to the virtual default collection.
+     * Empty memberships normalize to the virtual default collection.
      */
     @NativeCoroutines
     suspend fun replaceAyahBookmarkCollections(
         sura: Int,
         ayah: Int,
-        collectionLocalIds: List<String>?,
+        collectionLocalIds: List<String>,
         timestamp: PlatformDateTime
     ): BookmarkCollectionsReplacementResult
 
diff --git a/persistence/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/quran/shared/persistence/repository/bookmark/repository/BookmarksRepositoryImpl.kt b/persistence/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/quran/shared/persistence/repository/bookmark/repository/BookmarksRepositoryImpl.kt
index d2004a81..0d6f782c 100644
--- a/persistence/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/quran/shared/persistence/repository/bookmark/repository/BookmarksRepositoryImpl.kt
+++ b/persistence/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/quran/shared/persistence/repository/bookmark/repository/BookmarksRepositoryImpl.kt
@@ -63,14 +63,14 @@ class BookmarksRepositoryImpl(
     }
 
     override suspend fun addBookmark(sura: Int, ayah: Int): AyahBookmark {
-        return addBookmark(sura = sura, ayah = ayah, collectionLocalIds = null)
+        return addBookmark(sura = sura, ayah = ayah, collectionLocalIds = emptyList())
     }
 
     override suspend fun addBookmark(sura: Int, ayah: Int, timestamp: PlatformDateTime): AyahBookmark {
         return addBookmark(
             sura = sura,
             ayah = ayah,
-            collectionLocalIds = null,
+            collectionLocalIds = emptyList(),
             timestamp = timestamp
         )
     }
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class BookmarksRepositoryImpl(
     override suspend fun addBookmark(
         sura: Int,
         ayah: Int,
-        collectionLocalIds: List<String>?
+        collectionLocalIds: List<String>
     ): AyahBookmark {
         return addBookmarkWithTimestampMillis(
             sura = sura,
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class BookmarksRepositoryImpl(
     override suspend fun addBookmark(
         sura: Int,
         ayah: Int,
-        collectionLocalIds: List<String>?,
+        collectionLocalIds: List<String>,
         timestamp: PlatformDateTime
     ): AyahBookmark {
         return addBookmarkWithTimestampMillis(
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ class BookmarksRepositoryImpl(
     private suspend fun addBookmarkWithTimestampMillis(
         sura: Int,
         ayah: Int,
-        collectionLocalIds: List<String>?,
+        collectionLocalIds: List<String>,
         timestampMillis: Long?
     ): AyahBookmark {
         logger.i { "Adding ayah bookmark for $sura:$ayah" }
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ class BookmarksRepositoryImpl(
 
     override suspend fun replaceBookmarkCollections(
         localId: String,
-        collectionLocalIds: List<String>?
+        collectionLocalIds: List<String>
     ): Boolean {
         return replaceBookmarkCollectionsWithTimestampMillis(
             localId = localId,
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ class BookmarksRepositoryImpl(
 
     override suspend fun replaceBookmarkCollections(
         localId: String,
-        collectionLocalIds: List<String>?,
+        collectionLocalIds: List<String>,
         timestamp: PlatformDateTime
     ): Boolean {
         return replaceBookmarkCollectionsWithTimestampMillis(
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ class BookmarksRepositoryImpl(
 
     private suspend fun replaceBookmarkCollectionsWithTimestampMillis(
         localId: String,
-        collectionLocalIds: List<String>?,
+        collectionLocalIds: List<String>,
         timestampMillis: Long?
     ): Boolean {
         logger.i { "Replacing ayah bookmark collection memberships localId=$localId" }
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ class BookmarksRepositoryImpl(
     override suspend fun replaceAyahBookmarkCollections(
         sura: Int,
         ayah: Int,
-        collectionLocalIds: List<String>?
+        collectionLocalIds: List<String>
     ): BookmarkCollectionsReplacementResult {
         return replaceAyahBookmarkCollectionsWithTimestampMillis(
             sura = sura,
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ class BookmarksRepositoryImpl(
     override suspend fun replaceAyahBookmarkCollections(
         sura: Int,
         ayah: Int,
-        collectionLocalIds: List<String>?,
+        collectionLocalIds: List<String>,
         timestamp: PlatformDateTime
     ): BookmarkCollectionsReplacementResult {
         return replaceAyahBookmarkCollectionsWithTimestampMillis(
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ class BookmarksRepositoryImpl(
     private suspend fun replaceAyahBookmarkCollectionsWithTimestampMillis(
         sura: Int,
         ayah: Int,
-        collectionLocalIds: List<String>?,
+        collectionLocalIds: List<String>,
         timestampMillis: Long?
     ): BookmarkCollectionsReplacementResult {
         logger.i { "Replacing ayah bookmark collection memberships for $sura:$ayah" }
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ class BookmarksRepositoryImpl(
 
     private fun replaceBookmarkCollectionsInTransaction(
         bookmark: DatabaseBookmark,
-        collectionLocalIds: List<String>?,
+        collectionLocalIds: List<String>,
         timestampMillis: Long?
     ): Boolean {
         require(bookmark.bookmark_type == "AYAH") {
@@ -809,12 +809,11 @@ class BookmarksRepositoryImpl(
         }
     }
 
-    private fun normalizeCollectionIds(collectionLocalIds: List<String>?): List<String> {
+    private fun normalizeCollectionIds(collectionLocalIds: List<String>): List<String> {
         val nonBlankIds = collectionLocalIds
-            ?.map { it.trim() }
-            ?.filter { it.isNotEmpty() }
-            ?.distinct()
-            .orEmpty()
+            .map { it.trim() }
+            .filter { it.isNotEmpty() }
+            .distinct()
         return nonBlankIds.ifEmpty { listOf(DEFAULT_COLLECTION_ID) }
     }
 
diff --git a/persistence/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/quran/shared/persistence/repository/BookmarkSyncArchitectureTest.kt b/persistence/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/quran/shared/persistence/repository/BookmarkSyncArchitectureTest.kt
index 83334b1a..fe935090 100644
--- a/persistence/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/quran/shared/persistence/repository/BookmarkSyncArchitectureTest.kt
+++ b/persistence/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/quran/shared/persistence/repository/BookmarkSyncArchitectureTest.kt
@@ -336,6 +336,17 @@ class BookmarkSyncArchitectureTest {
         assertTrue(defaults.all { it.collectionLocalId == DEFAULT_COLLECTION_ID })
     }
 
+    @Test
+    fun `saved bookmark exposes added date separately from last updated`() = runTest {
+        bookmarksRepository.addBookmark(2, 20, listOf(DEFAULT_COLLECTION_ID), at(100))
+        bookmarksRepository.addBookmark(2, 20, listOf(DEFAULT_COLLECTION_ID), at(250))
+
+        val bookmark = bookmarksRepository.getAllBookmarks().single()
+
+        assertEquals(100L, bookmark.addedDate.fromPlatform().toEpochMilliseconds())
+        assertEquals(250L, bookmark.lastUpdated.fromPlatform().toEpochMilliseconds())
+    }
+
     @Test
     fun `addBookmark supports default and custom membership together`() = runTest {
         val collectionId = createCollection("Both", "remote-both")
diff --git a/sync-pipelines/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/quran/shared/pipeline/QuranDataService.kt b/sync-pipelines/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/quran/shared/pipeline/QuranDataService.kt
index c16400c1..67c96122 100644
--- a/sync-pipelines/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/quran/shared/pipeline/QuranDataService.kt
+++ b/sync-pipelines/src/commonMain/kotlin/com/quran/shared/pipeline/QuranDataService.kt
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ import com.quran.shared.auth.repository.RemoteLogoutFailure
 import com.quran.shared.auth.repository.RemoteLogoutOperation
 import com.quran.shared.auth.service.AuthService
 import com.quran.shared.di.AppScope
+import com.quran.shared.persistence.input.PersistenceImportData
+import com.quran.shared.persistence.input.PersistenceImportResult
 import com.quran.shared.persistence.model.AyahBookmark
 import com.quran.shared.persistence.model.AyahReadingBookmark
 import com.quran.shared.persistence.model.Collection
@@ -18,18 +20,15 @@ import com.quran.shared.persistence.model.Note
 import com.quran.shared.persistence.model.PageReadingBookmark
 import com.quran.shared.persistence.model.ReadingBookmark
 import com.quran.shared.persistence.model.ReadingSession
-import com.quran.shared.persistence.input.PersistenceImportData
-import com.quran.shared.persistence.input.PersistenceImportResult
-import com.quran.shared.persistence.util.PlatformDateTime
-import com.quran.shared.persistence.util.toPlatform
-import com.quran.shared.persistence.repository.bookmark.repository.BookmarksRepository
 import com.quran.shared.persistence.repository.PersistenceResetRepository
+import com.quran.shared.persistence.repository.bookmark.repository.BookmarksRepository
 import com.quran.shared.persistence.repository.collection.repository.CollectionsRepository
 import com.quran.shared.persistence.repository.collectionbookmark.repository.CollectionBookmarksRepository
 import com.quran.shared.persistence.repository.importdata.PersistenceImportRepository
 import com.quran.shared.persistence.repository.note.repository.NotesRepository
-import com.quran.shared.persistence.repository.readingbookmark.repository.ReadingBookmarksRepository
 import com.quran.shared.persistence.repository.readingsession.repository.ReadingSessionsRepository
+import com.quran.shared.persistence.util.PlatformDateTime
+import com.quran.shared.persistence.util.toPlatform
 import com.quran.shared.syncengine.AuthenticationDataFetcher
 import com.quran.shared.syncengine.LocalModificationDateFetcher
 import com.quran.shared.syncengine.SyncLifecycleGate
@@ -39,10 +38,8 @@ import com.rickclephas.kmp.nativecoroutines.NativeCoroutines
 import com.rickclephas.kmp.nativecoroutines.NativeCoroutinesState
 import dev.zacsweers.metro.Inject
 import dev.zacsweers.metro.SingleIn
-import kotlin.native.HiddenFromObjC
-import kotlin.time.Instant
-import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
 import kotlinx.coroutines.CancellationException
+import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
 import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
 import kotlinx.coroutines.Job
 import kotlinx.coroutines.SupervisorJob
@@ -53,6 +50,8 @@ import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.combine
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.flatMapLatest
 import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.map
 import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
+import kotlin.native.HiddenFromObjC
+import kotlin.time.Instant
 
 /**
  * Creates the scheduler-backed synchronization client used by [QuranDataService].
@@ -399,7 +398,7 @@ class QuranDataService internal constructor(
     }
 
     @NativeCoroutines
-    suspend fun addBookmark(sura: Int, ayah: Int, collectionLocalIds: List<String>?): AyahBookmark {
+    suspend fun addBookmark(sura: Int, ayah: Int, collectionLocalIds: List<String>): AyahBookmark {
         return mutatingCall("Failed to add ayah bookmark with collection memberships") {
             bookmarksRepository.addBookmark(sura, ayah, collectionLocalIds)
         }
@@ -409,7 +408,7 @@ class QuranDataService internal constructor(
     suspend fun addBookmark(
         sura: Int,
         ayah: Int,
-        collectionLocalIds: List<String>?,
+        collectionLocalIds: List<String>,
         timestamp: PlatformDateTime
     ): AyahBookmark {
         return mutatingCall("Failed to add ayah bookmark with collection memberships") {
@@ -418,7 +417,7 @@ class QuranDataService internal constructor(
     }
 
     @NativeCoroutines
-    suspend fun replaceBookmarkCollections(localId: String, collectionLocalIds: List<String>?): Boolean {
+    suspend fun replaceBookmarkCollections(localId: String, collectionLocalIds: List<String>): Boolean {
         return mutatingCall("Failed to replace bookmark collection memberships", triggerAfter = false) {
             val changed = bookmarksRepository.replaceBookmarkCollections(localId, collectionLocalIds)
             if (changed) {
@@ -435,7 +434,7 @@ class QuranDataService internal constructor(
     @NativeCoroutines
     suspend fun replaceBookmarkCollections(
         localId: String,
-        collectionLocalIds: List<String>?,
+        collectionLocalIds: List<String>,
         timestamp: PlatformDateTime
     ): Boolean {
         return mutatingCall("Failed to replace bookmark collection memberships", triggerAfter = false) {
@@ -451,7 +450,7 @@ class QuranDataService internal constructor(
     suspend fun replaceAyahBookmarkCollections(
         sura: Int,
         ayah: Int,
-        collectionLocalIds: List<String>?
+        collectionLocalIds: List<String>
     ): AyahBookmark {
         return mutatingCall("Failed to replace ayah bookmark collection memberships", triggerAfter = false) {
             val result = bookmarksRepository.replaceAyahBookmarkCollections(sura, ayah, collectionLocalIds)
@@ -470,7 +469,7 @@ class QuranDataService internal constructor(
     suspend fun replaceAyahBookmarkCollections(
         sura: Int,
         ayah: Int,
-        collectionLocalIds: List<String>?,
+        collectionLocalIds: List<String>,
         timestamp: PlatformDateTime
     ): AyahBookmark {
         return mutatingCall("Failed to replace ayah bookmark collection memberships", triggerAfter = false) {
diff --git a/sync-pipelines/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/quran/shared/pipeline/QuranDataServiceLifecycleTest.kt b/sync-pipelines/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/quran/shared/pipeline/QuranDataServiceLifecycleTest.kt
index 752f0553..1ef3cf9c 100644
--- a/sync-pipelines/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/quran/shared/pipeline/QuranDataServiceLifecycleTest.kt
+++ b/sync-pipelines/src/commonTest/kotlin/com/quran/shared/pipeline/QuranDataServiceLifecycleTest.kt
@@ -875,7 +875,15 @@ class QuranDataServiceLifecycleTest {
 
             val result = fixture.service.replaceAyahBookmarkCollections(2, 255, listOf("collection-a"))
 
-            assertEquals(AyahBookmark(2, 255, testTimestamp(), "bookmark-replaced"), result)
+            assertEquals(
+                AyahBookmark(
+                    sura = 2,
+                    ayah = 255,
+                    localId = "bookmark-replaced",
+                    lastUpdated = testTimestamp()
+                ),
+                result
+            )
             assertEquals(
                 listOf(BookmarkAyahCollectionsReplaceCall(2, 255, listOf("collection-a"))),
                 fixture.bookmarksRepository.replaceAyahCalls
@@ -893,7 +901,15 @@ class QuranDataServiceLifecycleTest {
 
             val result = fixture.service.replaceAyahBookmarkCollections(2, 255, listOf("collection-a"))
 
-            assertEquals(AyahBookmark(2, 255, testTimestamp(), "bookmark-replaced"), result)
+            assertEquals(
+                AyahBookmark(
+                    sura = 2,
+                    ayah = 255,
+                    localId = "bookmark-replaced",
+                    lastUpdated = testTimestamp()
+                ),
+                result
+            )
             assertEquals(0, fixture.syncClient.localDataUpdatedCount)
             fixture.clearAndJoin()
         }
@@ -913,7 +929,15 @@ class QuranDataServiceLifecycleTest {
                 timestamp = timestamp
             )
 
-            assertEquals(AyahBookmark(2, 255, timestamp, "bookmark-replaced"), result)
+            assertEquals(
+                AyahBookmark(
+                    sura = 2,
+                    ayah = 255,
+                    localId = "bookmark-replaced",
+                    lastUpdated = timestamp
+                ),
+                result
+            )
             assertEquals(
                 listOf(BookmarkAyahCollectionsReplaceCall(2, 255, listOf("collection-a"), timestamp)),
                 fixture.bookmarksRepository.replaceAyahCalls
@@ -1284,24 +1308,29 @@ private class ServiceBookmarksRepository : BookmarksRepository, BookmarksSynchro
     override suspend fun getAllBookmarks(): List<AyahBookmark> = bookmarks.value
     override fun getBookmarksFlow(): Flow<List<AyahBookmark>> = bookmarks
     override suspend fun addBookmark(sura: Int, ayah: Int): AyahBookmark =
-        AyahBookmark(sura, ayah, testTimestamp(), "bookmark-${++addCount}")
+        AyahBookmark(
+            sura = sura,
+            ayah = ayah,
+            localId = "bookmark-${++addCount}",
+            lastUpdated = testTimestamp()
+        )
 
     override suspend fun addBookmark(sura: Int, ayah: Int, timestamp: com.quran.shared.persistence.util.PlatformDateTime): AyahBookmark =
         addBookmark(sura, ayah)
 
-    override suspend fun addBookmark(sura: Int, ayah: Int, collectionLocalIds: List<String>?): AyahBookmark =
+    override suspend fun addBookmark(sura: Int, ayah: Int, collectionLocalIds: List<String>): AyahBookmark =
         addBookmark(sura, ayah)
 
     override suspend fun addBookmark(
         sura: Int,
         ayah: Int,
-        collectionLocalIds: List<String>?,
+        collectionLocalIds: List<String>,
         timestamp: com.quran.shared.persistence.util.PlatformDateTime
     ): AyahBookmark = addBookmark(sura, ayah)
 
     override suspend fun replaceBookmarkCollections(
         localId: String,
-        collectionLocalIds: List<String>?
+        collectionLocalIds: List<String>
     ): Boolean {
         replaceCalls += BookmarkCollectionsReplaceCall(localId, collectionLocalIds)
         return replaceResult
@@ -1309,7 +1338,7 @@ private class ServiceBookmarksRepository : BookmarksRepository, BookmarksSynchro
 
     override suspend fun replaceBookmarkCollections(
         localId: String,
-        collectionLocalIds: List<String>?,
+        collectionLocalIds: List<String>,
         timestamp: com.quran.shared.persistence.util.PlatformDateTime
     ): Boolean {
         replaceCalls += BookmarkCollectionsReplaceCall(localId, collectionLocalIds, timestamp)
@@ -1319,11 +1348,16 @@ private class ServiceBookmarksRepository : BookmarksRepository, BookmarksSynchro
     override suspend fun replaceAyahBookmarkCollections(
         sura: Int,
         ayah: Int,
-        collectionLocalIds: List<String>?
+        collectionLocalIds: List<String>
     ): BookmarkCollectionsReplacementResult {
         replaceAyahCalls += BookmarkAyahCollectionsReplaceCall(sura, ayah, collectionLocalIds)
         return BookmarkCollectionsReplacementResult(
-            bookmark = AyahBookmark(sura, ayah, testTimestamp(), "bookmark-replaced"),
+            bookmark = AyahBookmark(
+                sura = sura,
+                ayah = ayah,
+                localId = "bookmark-replaced",
+                lastUpdated = testTimestamp()
+            ),
             changed = replaceAyahResultChanged
         )
     }
@@ -1331,12 +1365,17 @@ private class ServiceBookmarksRepository : BookmarksRepository, BookmarksSynchro
     override suspend fun replaceAyahBookmarkCollections(
         sura: Int,
         ayah: Int,
-        collectionLocalIds: List<String>?,
+        collectionLocalIds: List<String>,
         timestamp: com.quran.shared.persistence.util.PlatformDateTime
     ): BookmarkCollectionsReplacementResult {
         replaceAyahCalls += BookmarkAyahCollectionsReplaceCall(sura, ayah, collectionLocalIds, timestamp)
         return BookmarkCollectionsReplacementResult(
-            bookmark = AyahBookmark(sura, ayah, timestamp, "bookmark-replaced"),
+            bookmark = AyahBookmark(
+                sura = sura,
+                ayah = ayah,
+                localId = "bookmark-replaced",
+                lastUpdated = timestamp
+            ),
             changed = replaceAyahResultChanged
         )
     }
@@ -1368,14 +1407,14 @@ private class ServiceBookmarksRepository : BookmarksRepository, BookmarksSynchro
 
 private data class BookmarkCollectionsReplaceCall(
     val localId: String,
-    val collectionLocalIds: List<String>?,
+    val collectionLocalIds: List<String>,
     val timestamp: PlatformDateTime? = null
 )
 
 private data class BookmarkAyahCollectionsReplaceCall(
     val sura: Int,
     val ayah: Int,
-    val collectionLocalIds: List<String>?,
+    val collectionLocalIds: List<String>,
     val timestamp: PlatformDateTime? = null
 )