diff --git a/src/poetry/utils/env/base_env.py b/src/poetry/utils/env/base_env.py
index 1a8ff54bd26..77c914a676e 100644
--- a/src/poetry/utils/env/base_env.py
+++ b/src/poetry/utils/env/base_env.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 import contextlib
 import os
 import re
+import shutil
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import sysconfig
@@ -461,6 +462,19 @@ def execute(self, bin: str, *args: str, **kwargs: Any) -> int:
         if not self._is_windows:
             return os.execvpe(command[0], command, env=env)
 
+        # On Windows, resolve the executable against the env's ``PATH``
+        # ourselves before handing the command to ``subprocess`` with
+        # ``shell=True``. ``cmd.exe`` can fail to resolve a bare name when
+        # ``PATH`` exceeds its ~8KiB parsing limit (see
+        # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/137254), but
+        # :func:`shutil.which` works for paths of any length. This mainly
+        # affects entries from ``[project.scripts]``, which are installed
+        # as ``.cmd`` shims rather than ``.exe`` and therefore aren't
+        # picked up by the venv-relative lookup in :meth:`_bin`.
+        resolved = shutil.which(command[0], path=env.get("PATH"))
+        if resolved is not None:
+            command[0] = resolved
+
         kwargs["shell"] = True
         exe = subprocess.Popen(command, env=env, **kwargs)
         exe.communicate()
diff --git a/tests/utils/env/test_env.py b/tests/utils/env/test_env.py
index f1064580998..7de558a7c20 100644
--- a/tests/utils/env/test_env.py
+++ b/tests/utils/env/test_env.py
@@ -559,6 +559,87 @@ def test_env_scheme_dict_returns_modified_when_read_only(
     )
 
 
+class _FakeWindowsSelf:
+    """Lightweight stand-in used to drive ``Env.execute`` on a non-Windows
+    host without touching the venv-creation machinery in :class:`Env`.
+
+    ``Env.execute`` only reads ``self._is_windows`` and calls
+    ``self.get_command_from_bin``, so a duck-typed object is enough.
+    """
+
+    _is_windows = True
+
+    def __init__(self, command: list[str]) -> None:
+        self._command = command
+
+    def get_command_from_bin(self, bin: str) -> list[str]:
+        return self._command
+
+
+def test_execute_resolves_full_path_on_windows(mocker: MockerFixture) -> None:
+    """On Windows, ``Env.execute`` must resolve the executable's full path
+    via ``shutil.which`` before invoking ``subprocess.Popen``, passing the
+    env-aware ``PATH`` so the lookup honors the caller-supplied environment
+    (and bypasses ``cmd.exe``'s ~8 KiB ``PATH`` parse limit).
+
+    ``cmd.exe`` fails to resolve bare names when ``PATH`` exceeds its
+    ~8 KiB parse limit (https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/137254),
+    affecting ``[project.scripts]`` entries (installed as ``.cmd`` shims)
+    that aren't found by ``Env._bin``'s venv-relative ``.exe`` lookup.
+
+    Regression test for https://github.com/python-poetry/poetry/issues/10482.
+    """
+    from poetry.utils.env.base_env import Env
+
+    resolved = r"C:\Users\u\proj\.venv\Scripts\myscript.cmd"
+    env_vars = {"PATH": r"C:\foo;C:\bar"}
+    which_mock = mocker.patch("shutil.which", return_value=resolved)
+    popen_mock = mocker.MagicMock()
+    popen_mock.communicate.return_value = (b"", b"")
+    popen_mock.returncode = 0
+    popen_cls = mocker.patch(
+        "poetry.utils.env.base_env.subprocess.Popen", return_value=popen_mock
+    )
+
+    fake = _FakeWindowsSelf(command=["myscript"])
+    rc = Env.execute(fake, "myscript", "arg1", env=env_vars)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    assert rc == 0
+    # Pin down the ``shutil.which`` contract: bare executable + env-aware
+    # PATH. Regressions that drop the ``path=`` kwarg or pass the wrong
+    # name would silently re-introduce the cmd.exe PATH-length failure
+    # this PR is fixing.
+    which_mock.assert_called_once_with("myscript", path=env_vars["PATH"])
+    call_command = popen_cls.call_args.args[0]
+    assert call_command[0] == resolved
+    assert call_command[1] == "arg1"
+
+
+def test_execute_falls_back_to_bare_name_when_unresolved(
+    mocker: MockerFixture,
+) -> None:
+    """If ``shutil.which`` cannot resolve the executable, ``Env.execute``
+    must still call ``subprocess.Popen`` so the shell's own resolution
+    path can take over (preserving existing behavior for cases where the
+    binary lives outside the venv but is reachable via ``PATH``)."""
+    from poetry.utils.env.base_env import Env
+
+    mocker.patch("shutil.which", return_value=None)
+    popen_mock = mocker.MagicMock()
+    popen_mock.communicate.return_value = (b"", b"")
+    popen_mock.returncode = 0
+    popen_cls = mocker.patch(
+        "poetry.utils.env.base_env.subprocess.Popen", return_value=popen_mock
+    )
+
+    fake = _FakeWindowsSelf(command=["unknown"])
+    rc = Env.execute(fake, "unknown")  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    assert rc == 0
+    call_command = popen_cls.call_args.args[0]
+    assert call_command[0] == "unknown"
+
+
 def test_marker_env_is_equal_for_all_envs(tmp_path: Path, manager: EnvManager) -> None:
     venv_path = tmp_path / "Virtual Env"
     manager.build_venv(venv_path)