Summary

Critical security vulnerabilities exist in both the UUIDv4() and UUID() functions of the github.com/gofiber/utils package. When the system's cryptographic random number generator (crypto/rand) fails, both functions silently fall back to returning predictable UUID values, the zero UUID "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000". This compromises the security of all Fiber applications using these functions for security-critical operations on Go versions prior to 1.24.

Both functions are vulnerable to the same root cause (crypto/rand failure):

• UUIDv4(): Indirect vulnerability through uuid.NewRandom() → crypto/rand.Read() → fallback to UUID()
• UUID(): Direct vulnerability through crypto/rand.Read(uuidSeed[:]) → silent zero UUID return

Note: Go 1.24 and later panics on crypto/rand Read() failures, mitigating this vulnerability. Applications running on Go 1.24+ are not affected by the silent fallback behavior.

Vulnerability Details

Affected Functions

• Package: github.com/gofiber/utils
• Functions: UUIDv4() and UUID()
• Return Type: string (both functions)
• Locations: common.go:93-99 (UUIDv4), common.go:60-89 (UUID)

Technical Description

The vulnerability occurs through two related but distinct failure paths, both ultimately caused by crypto/rand.Read() failures on Go < 1.24:

Primary Path: UUIDv4() Vulnerability

1. UUIDv4() calls google/uuid.NewRandom() which internally uses crypto/rand.Read()
2. If uuid.NewRandom() fails, UUIDv4() falls back to the internal UUID() function
3. No error is returned to the application - silent security failure occurs

Secondary Path: UUID() Vulnerability

1. UUID() directly calls crypto/rand.Read(uuidSeed[:]) to seed its internal state
2. If seeding fails, UUID() silently fails and returns the zero UUID "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"
3. Applications receive predictable UUIDs with no indication of the security failure

Code Analysis

UUIDv4() Vulnerability Path

func UUIDv4() string {
	token, err := uuid.NewRandom()  // Uses crypto/rand.Read() internally
	if err != nil {
		return UUID()  // Dangerous fallback - no error returned to application
	}
	return token.String()
}

UUID() Vulnerability Path

func UUID() string {
	uuidSetup.Do(func() {
		if _, err := rand.Read(uuidSeed[:]); err != nil {  // Direct crypto/rand.Read() call
			return  // Silent failure - no seeding, uuidCounter remains 0
		}
		uuidCounter = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(uuidSeed[:8])
	})
	if atomic.LoadUint64(&uuidCounter) <= 0 {
		return "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000"  // Zero UUID returned silently
	}
	// ... generate UUID from counter
}

Root Cause: Both vulnerabilities stem from crypto/rand.Read() failures, occurring through different code paths with the same dangerous silent fallback behavior.

Security Impact

Severity: CRITICAL

This issue is especially severe because many Fiber middleware packages (session, CSRF, auth, rate-limit, request-ID, etc.) default to utils.UUIDv4() for generating security-sensitive identifiers. A failure in crypto/rand would cause every generated identifier across the entire application to collapse to a single predictable value (the zero UUID), resulting in:

• Session fixation / universal session hijack
• CSRF token predictability and bypass
• Authentication token replay
• Global identifier collisions leading to severe application breakage
• Potential application-wide DoS due to every request using the same “unique” key, causing cache overwrites, session stomping, corrupted internal maps, and loss of isolation across all users

Attack Scenario

While entropy exhaustion is extremely rare on modern Linux systems, RNG access failures (e.g., restricted /dev/random or /dev/urandom access, broken container environments, sandbox restrictions, misconfigured VMs, or FIPS-mode RNG failures) are realistic. In these scenarios on Go < 1.24, crypto/rand may return errors immediately — triggering the vulnerable fallback paths.

On Go 1.24+, crypto/rand Read() panics on failure, mitigating the silent-zero fallback issue.

Proof of Concept

1. uuid.NewRandom() fails (indirect crypto/rand.Read() failure)
2. UUIDv4() calls UUID() as fallback with no error returned
3. UUID() seeding fails directly via crypto/rand.Read(uuidSeed[:])
4. Zero UUID "00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000" is returned silently
5. No error is propagated to the application from either function

Affected Versions

• All versions of github.com/gofiber/utils containing the UUIDv4() or UUID() functions
• Applications using Fiber middleware that depend on UUIDv4() or UUID for security
• Only applicable to Go < 1.24; Go 1.24+ panics/block on crypto/rand Read() failures and is not affected

Mitigation

Immediate Workaround

Replace usage of utils.UUIDv4() with uuid.New() or wait for fix:

sessionID := uuid.New()

Recommended Fix

Modify utils.UUIDv4() and utils.UUID() to fail explicitly when cryptographic randomness is unavailable:

func UUIDv4() string {
	token, err := uuid.NewRandom()
	if err != nil {
		panic(fmt.Sprintf("utils: failed to generate secure UUID: %v", err))
	}
	return token.String()
}

func UUID() string {
    uuidSetup.Do(func() {
        if _, err := rand.Read(uuidSeed[:]); err != nil {
            panic(fmt.Sprintf("utils: failed to seed UUID generator: %v", err))
        }
        uuidCounter = binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(uuidSeed[:8])
    })
    if atomic.LoadUint64(&uuidCounter) <= 0 {
        panic("utils: UUID generator not properly seeded")
    }
    // ... generate UUID from counter
}

Detection

Applications can detect if they're affected by:

1. Checking if they use github.com/gofiber/utils
2. Searching for UUIDv4() and UUID() usage in security-critical code paths
3. Reviewing Fiber middleware configurations that rely on defaults of UUIDv4() for security identifiers

References

• Package Repository: https://github.com/gofiber/utils
• Fiber Framework: https://github.com/gofiber/fiber
• Google UUID Library: https://github.com/google/uuid
• Golang crypto/rand behavior changes: golang/go#66821, Go 1.25.5 source

Contact

Reported by: @sixcolors

Classification

• OWASP: A02:2021 - Cryptographic Failures
• Impact: Complete compromise of application security model on Go < 1.24
• Exploitability: Medium (requires entropy failure)
• Scope: All Fiber applications using affected middleware on Go < 1.24